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北京机械加工厂在(zai)谈(tan)如(ru)何让机床发挥最大(da)效率的(de)方(fang)法(fa)前，先谈(tan)一下什么是工(gong)艺过(guo)程(cheng)，所谓工(gong)艺过(guo)程(cheng)就是在(zai)机械加工(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)产过(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，直(zhi)接改变原材料（或毛坯）形状、尺寸和性能，使之变为成品(pin)的(de)过(guo)程(cheng)，它是生(sheng)(sheng)产过(guo)程(cheng)的(de)主要部分。
数(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加工(gong)(gong)现已普遍推(tui)广，大多数(shu)(shu)的机加工(gong)(gong)车(che)间(jian)都具(ju)有(you)数(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加工(gong)(gong)能力，典型的机加工(gong)(gong)车(che)间(jian)中(zhong)最常见的数(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加工(gong)(gong)方式有(you)数(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)铣(xian)、数(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)车(che)和数(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)EDM线(xian)切割（电火花线(xian)切割）。进行(xing)数(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)铣(xian)的工(gong)(gong)具(ju)我们(men)(men)称为数(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)铣(xian)床或(huo)数(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)。进行(xing)数(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)车(che)削加工(gong)(gong)的车(che)床我们(men)(men)称为数(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)车(che)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)。数(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加工(gong)(gong)G代码(ma)可以(yi)人工(gong)(gong)编(bian)程，但(dan)通常机加工(gong)(gong)车(che)间(jian)用CAM（计(ji)算(suan)机辅(fu)助(zhu)制(zhi)造(zao)）软件自动读取CAD（计(ji)算(suan)机辅(fu)助(zhu)设计(ji)）文件并(bing)生成G代码(ma)程序(xu)，对数(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)机床进行(xing)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)。
数控(kong)加(jia)工过(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)监控(kong)粗加(jia)工主(zhu)要原因的(de)(de)(de)(de)是考虑工件表(biao)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多余(yu)余(yu)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)快速切除。在机床自(zi)(zi)动加(jia)工过(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，我们根据设定的(de)(de)(de)(de)切削(xue)用量，刀具按预定的(de)(de)(de)(de)切削(xue)轨(gui)迹(ji)自(zi)(zi)动切削(xue)。所以操作者通过(guo)切削(xue)负荷表(biao)观察自(zi)(zi)动加(jia)工过(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)切削(xue)负荷变化(hua)情况(kuang)，刀具的(de)(de)(de)(de)承受力状况(kuang)，调整切削(xue)用量，让机床发挥最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率。
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