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18611776020
机械加工行业中的专业名词(ci)你了解(jie)多少？
在(zai)机械加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中，为了加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)出合格的(de)产品，必须从毛(mao)坯(pi)(pi)上(shang)切(qie)去的(de)那(nei)层金属(shu)的(de)厚(hou)度，称为加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)可以分为工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序余(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)总(zong)(zong)余(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。某道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序中需要(yao)切(qie)除(chu)(chu)的(de)那(nei)层金属(shu)厚(hou)度，就是该工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序的(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。从毛(mao)坯(pi)(pi)到成(cheng)品总(zong)(zong)共需要(yao)切(qie)除(chu)(chu)的(de)余(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，就是总(zong)(zong)余(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，等于(yu)相应表(biao)面各工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序余(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)之(zhi)和(he)。
在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)上(shang)留(liu)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)量(liang)的(de)目(mu)的(de)是切除上(shang)一道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序所留(liu)下来的(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)误差和(he)表面(mian)缺陷，如铸件(jian)表面(mian)冷硬(ying)层(ceng)(ceng)、气孔、夹(jia)砂层(ceng)(ceng)，锻件(jian)表面(mian)的(de)氧化皮、脱碳层(ceng)(ceng)、表面(mian)裂纹(wen)，切削加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)后(hou)的(de)内应(ying)力(li)层(ceng)(ceng)和(he)表面(mian)粗糙度(du)等。从(cong)而提高工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)精度(du)和(he)表面(mian)粗糙度(du)。
加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)余(yu)量的大(da)小(xiao)对机(ji)(ji)械(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)质量和生产效率(lv)都有(you)很大(da)影响。加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)余(yu)量过(guo)大(da)，不仅增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)了机(ji)(ji)械(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)的劳动量，降(jiang)低生产率(lv)，而且增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)了材料、工(gong)具(ju)和电力消耗，提高了加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)。如果加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)余(yu)量过(guo)小(xiao)，就既不能消除上道(dao)工(gong)序(xu)的各(ge)种(zhong)缺(que)陷和误(wu)差，又不能补偿本(ben)(ben)工(gong)序(xu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)时的装夹(jia)误(wu)差，造成(cheng)废(fei)品(pin)。所以选取原则是在(zai)保证质量的前提下，使(shi)余(yu)量尽(jin)可能小(xiao)。一般说来，越(yue)是精加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)，工(gong)序(xu)余(yu)量越(yue)小(xiao)。