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北京机械加工厂工艺过(guo)程的基本(ben)知识
在制(zhi)造(zao)生产过(guo)程(cheng)中，由(you)于零件(jian)的要求和生产条件(jian)等不(bu)(bu)同，其(qi)制(zhi)造(zao)工(gong)艺方(fang)案(an)也(ye)不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)同。相(xiang)同的零件(jian)采用(yong)不(bu)(bu)同的工(gong)艺方(fang)案(an)生产时，其(qi)生产效率(lv)、经济效益(yi)也(ye)是不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)同的。在确(que)保零件(jian)质量(liang)的前提下，拟定具有良好的综(zong)合(he)(he)技术经济效益(yi)、合(he)(he)理(li)可行的工(gong)艺方(fang)案(an)的过(guo)程(cheng)称为零件(jian)的工(gong)艺过(guo)程(cheng)设计。
一、机械加工的生产(chan)过(guo)程(cheng)和工艺(yi)过(guo)程(cheng)：
1.生(sheng)产过(guo)(guo)程(cheng)由设计(ji)图纸变为(wei)产品，要经(jing)过(guo)(guo)一系列的(de)制造过(guo)(guo)程(cheng)。通常将原材料(liao)或半成品转(zhuan)变成为(wei)产品所经(jing)过(guo)(guo)的(de)全部过(guo)(guo)程(cheng)称作生(sheng)产过(guo)(guo)程(cheng)。生(sheng)产过(guo)(guo)程(cheng)通常包括:
(1)技术准备(bei)过程包括产(chan)(chan)品投产(chan)(chan)前的市场调查、预测、新产(chan)(chan)品鉴定、工艺(yi)设计(ji)、标准化审查等。
(2) 或(huo)工(gong)(gong)艺(yi)过(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)指(zhi)(zhi)直接改变(bian)原(yuan)材料半(ban)成品的(de)尺寸、形状、表(biao)面的(de)相(xiang)互位(wei)置、表(biao)面粗(cu)糙度或(huo)性能(neng)，使(shi)之成为(wei)成品的(de)过(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)。例如液(ye)态成形、塑变(bian)成形、焊接、粉末成形、切削加工(gong)(gong)、热处理、表(biao)面处理、装配等，都属于工(gong)(gong)艺(yi)过(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)。将合理的(de)工(gong)(gong)艺(yi)过(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)编写(xie)成用以(yi)指(zhi)(zhi)导生产的(de)技术文件(jian)，这份技术文件(jian)称作(zuo)工(gong)(gong)艺(yi)规(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)。
(3)辅(fu)助(zhu)生(sheng)产过(guo)程(cheng)指为了(le)保证基本生(sheng)产过(guo)程(cheng)的正常进行所必须的辅(fu)助(zhu)生(sheng)产活动。
(4)生产服(fu)务过(guo)程指原材料的组织、运(yun)输、保管、储存(cun)、供应(ying)及产品(pin)包(bao)装(zhuang)、销售等过(guo)程。
二.机(ji)械加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)艺过(guo)程的组成：零件的切削加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)艺过(guo)程由许多工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)组合而成，每个工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)又由工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)步、走刀(dao)和安装组成。
(1)工(gong)(gong)序指在一(yi)台机床上或(huo)在同一(yi)个(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)地(di)点对一(yi)个(ge)(ge)或(huo)一(yi)组工(gong)(gong)件连续完成(cheng)的那部分工(gong)(gong)艺过程。划分工(gong)(gong)序的依据是工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)地(di)点是否变化和工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)是否连续。